Paper-based piezoelectric nanogenerators with high thermal stability.

Recent portable electronic devices have strict requirements regarding size, weight, and power. The power needed directly impacts the size of the required batteries, and larger batteries compromise the sizes and weights of portable devices. In order to design successful portable devices that maximize power and minimize size, devices should be operated in lowpower-consuming or self-powered mode. There has been increasing demand for highly effi cient portable energy harvesters due to the development and mass consumption of portable electronic devices. Photovoltaic, thermoelectric, and piezoelectric energy scavengers have become strong candidates for portable energy harvesters in future self-powered portable electronic device applications. [ 1–6 ]